Advances in Asthma Management: From Inflammatory Mechanisms to Clinical Therapies

Abstract

Bronchial asthma is chronic inflammatory disorder of the respiratory tract, characterized by increased airway hyperresponsiveness to provocative exposures and episodic airflow obstruction. it caused due to bronchial contraction. some internal and external factor affect asthma.it is non transmissible disease. Many risks factor like smoking, pollutant, depression, allergy affect the asthma disorder. Diagnosis is made with thorough history-taking and physical examination, and the condition is characterised by variable airflow obstruction and airway hyper-responsiveness. Understanding the severity of the disease is important, and treatment is aimed at symptom control and the prevention of future exacerbations. Pharmacologic treatment with beta-agonists for intermittent asthma and inhaled corticosteroids and a combination of inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting beta-2 agonists for persistent asthma are recommended. Additional and alternative treatments with leukotriene modifiers, anticholinergics, biologics, and bronchial thermoplasty are also available. However, understanding an individual’s disease phenotype, endotype, and comorbidities is necessary for asthma treatment, with appropriate consultation with asthma specialists required for those with severe asthma.