Pharmacological and Nutritional Insights of Lagenaria Siceraria Seeds: AComprehensive Review

Abstract

Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd) is a well-known medicinal and nutritional plant that has been widely used in traditional systems of medicine. Among its various parts, the seeds have attracted significant attention due to their rich phytochemical composition and therapeutic potential. Seeds of Lagenaria siceraria are reported to contain proteins, essential fatty acids, sterols, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and other bioactive constituents that contribute to their pharmacological activities. Experimental studies have demonstrated diverse biological properties of the seeds, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, antimicrobial, and anti-diabetic effects. Nutritionally, the seeds serve as a valuable source of edible oil, amino acids, and minerals, highlighting their role in promoting human health and preventing metabolic disorders. Despite these promising findings, scientific evaluation is still limited, and more detailed mechanistic and clinical investigations are required to validate their efficacy and safety. This comprehensive review aims to summarize the nutritional profile, phytochemistry, and pharmacological insights of Lagenaria siceraria seeds, thereby providing a scientific basis for their potential use in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications.